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UMN Digestive Support

The UMN Digestive Support formula is a unique combination of digestion enhancing and gastrointestinal supportive nutrients and herbs in a base of plant enzymes designed for optimal assimilation.

Enzymes are present in all living plant and animal cells. They act as biological catalysts, the primary motivators of all life processes in the body. Nutritional plant enzymes are unique enzymes grown on Aspergillus oryzae fungus. Plant enzyme-based nutritional formulas work particularly well in humans due to their ability to hydrolyze (to cleave in the presence of water) physiologically and/or pathologically important substrates in a very wide pH range. These plant enzymes reproduce the action of enzymes found in raw foods. Plant enzymes are very safe. They are completely non-toxic. There is no record of people ever being harmed by enzymes when taken in recommended doses.
This formula contains the full complement of hydrolytic food enzymes (with the exception of protease), providing Amylase, Lipase, Cellulase, Lactase, Invertase, and Glucoamylase complemented with various botanicals to support gastrointestinal integrity and optimal digestive functioning. It provides relief from heartburn, nausea, burping, upset stomach, acid indigestion, diarrhea, gastritis, and ulcerative conditions. This formula neutralizes excess stomach acid, helps with digestion, and restores appetite. It is suitable for even the most sensitive digestive systems and helps support the body's natural ph balance. Dairy-free and contains no soy, yeast, wheat or lactose.

UMN Digestive Support Ingredients:

1. Slippery Elm 200 mg
2. Marshmallow  200 mg
3. Ginger root  40 mg
4. Green Tea  100 mg
5. DGL Licorice  50 mg
6. Quercetin  40 mg
7. Ajowan  2 mg
8. Gamma Oryzanol  130mg
9. L-Acidophilus  50 mil viable organisms
10. Amylase  3000DU
11. Glucoamylase  7 AG
12. Lipase  60 LU
13. Cellulase  400 cu
14. Invertase  0.2 IAU
15. Lactase  900 LAC U

All raw food naturally contains the proper types and proportion of enzymes necessary to digest itself--whether in human consumption or in the eventual decomposition in the natural world. When raw food is eaten, chewing ruptures the cell membranes and releases the naturally occurring food enzymes to begin the selective breakdown of food components. Amylase reduces large carbohydrates such as starches and other polysaccharides to disaccharides including sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Lipases digest fats (triglycerides) into free fatty acids and glycerol. Cellulases (not found in the human system) break bonds found in plant fiber (cellulose). By disrupting the structure of the fiber matrices which develop most of the nutrients in plants, cellulase increases the nutritional value derived from fruits and vegetables.

Overwhelming evidence shows that food enzymes play an important role in digestion by predigesting food in the upper stomach before hydrochloric acid has even been secreted. Supplementation of food enzymes is necessary in today's society due to the prevalence of cooked and/or processed foods. Food enzymes are essentially destroyed at 118 degrees Fahrenheit, thus most modern methods of food preparation leave food devoid of digestive enzyme activity. Placing the full digestive burden on the body, the body's digestive process becomes over-stressed and vital nutrients are not released from food for assimilation by the body. Unlike supplemental enzymes of animal origin, plant enzymes work at the pH found in the upper stomach. Food sits in the upper portion of the stomach for as long as an hour before gastric secretions begin. Although salivary enzymes accomplish a significant amount of digestion, their activity is limited to a pH level above 5.0. Exogenous plant enzymes are active in the pH range of 1.0 to 11.0 and can facilitate the utilization of much larger amounts of protein, carbohydrates and fat before HCL is secreted in sufficient amounts to neutralize their activity. Obviously, plant enzymes can play a significant role in improving food nutrient utilization.

The results of eating a diet primarily of cooked foods is a lack of adequate plant and/or pancreatic enzymes in the digestive tract, which can lead to a number of health conditions, including inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. A lack of these digestive enzymes results in certain carbohydrates and proteins remaining partly undigested, and remaining in the intestines in the form of undigested foods. If the undigested food remains in the intestine for lengthy periods of time, they form decomposing, putrefying toxic substances. These toxic substances are absorbed into the bloodstream to be detoxified by the liver. In cases of chronic poor digestion, the liver often becomes overworked and unable to completely detoxify the entire blood system, resulting in toxins and chemicals of putrefaction spreading throughout the entire body.

In addition to amylase, lipase, and cellulase, this formula provides a concentrated source of the disaccharidases Lactase and Invertase. Disaccharide intolerance occurs when insufficient levels of disaccharidase enzymes are secreted in the small intestine causing malabsorption and physical discomfort. Lactase deficiency is the most common and well-known form of carbohydrate intolerance. Lactase digests lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose. Most mammals, including humans, have high intestinal lactase activity at birth. But, in some cases, this activity declines to low levels during childhood and remains low in adulthood. The low lactase levels cause poor digestion of milk and other foods containing lactose. It is estimated that approximately 70% of the world's population is deficient in intestinal lactase with more than one-third of the U.S. population presumed to be unable to digest dairy products. Supplemental lactase has been found to decrease the symptoms of lactose intolerance associated with the consumption of dairy foods. Invertase is another polydisaccharidase that works to break down sucrose (refined table sugar) into glucose and fructose. The prevalence of processed and highly refined foods in the American diet means that we consume a great amount of this sugar, which can contribute to undue digestive stress. it is theorized that unrecognized sucrose intolerance is a contributing factor in many allergies. Supplemental invertase can increase the assimilation and utilization of this sugar. The additional supplementation of the carbohydrase Glucoamylase assures the breakdown of maltose into two glucose molecules, allowing greater absorption of this energy-giving sugar. Inclusion of these sugar-breaking enzymes gives this formula a broad base for improving nutrition.

References:

Beazell, J.M., "A reexamination of the role of the stomach in the digestion of carbohydrate and protein." American Journal of Physiology 132: 42-50 (1941).

Berkow, R., ed., The Merck Manual, 15th edition, (Rahway, N.J.: Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 1987).

Bradley, P.R., ed. British Herbs Compendium, Volume 1. (Dorset, England: British Herbal medicine Association, 1992).

Duke, J.A. Handbook of Medicinal Plants. (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1985).
Ghose, T.K. and Pathak, A.N. "Cellulases--2: Applications" Process Biochemistry, 20-24, May 1973.

Guyton, A.C. Textbook of Medicinal Physiology, 8th edition. (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1991).

Murray, R.D., et al. "Comparative absorption of [13C] glucose and [13C] lactose by premature infants." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51: 59-66 (1990).

O'Keefe, S.J.D., et al. "Milk-induced malabsorption in malnourished African patients." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54: 130-5 (1991).

Schwimmer, S. Source Book of Food Enzymology. (Westport, CT: The AVI Publishing Company, Inc., 1981).

UMN Digestive Support Ingredient Rationale:

1. Ingredient Name: Slippery Elm Bark

Used For / Claims: Slippery Elm Bark, due to a high mucilaginous polysaccharide content (up to 50%), is effective when used internally or externally as a demulcent and emollient (a substance found to be soothing to inflamed mucous membranes). The herb has a long history of use as a nutritive gruel for convalescent gastric and duodenal ulcer patients. In 1859, a physician's writings indicated the inclusion of slippery elm bark in almost any drug store, due to its "usefulness as a medical agent." The high mucilage content is responsible for the demulcent, emollient, and antitussive properties. Internally, slippery elm stimulates nerve endings in the gastrointestinal tract, which stimulates mucous secretion to protect the gastrointestinal tract against numerous inflammatory conditions.

Slippery elm is used for:

· Over-acidic conditions
· Sore throat
· Chronic coughing
· Constipation
· Diarrhea
· Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
· Gastrointestinal inflammation
· Stomach ulcers
· Duodenal ulcers
· Diverticulitis
· Colitis
· hemorrhoids
· Urinary tract inflammation and infection

Dosage/Safety: Toxicity of slippery elm is low based upon chemical components. No adverse reactions or drug interactions are reported in the literature.

References:
Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.

McGuffin M, et al, ed. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997.

Daniel B. Mowrey, Ph.D., Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine, Keats Publishing, 1986. Page 34.

Newall C, et al. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals, 1st ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 1996.

2. Ingredient Name: Marshmallow root (Althea officinalis)

Used For / Claims: Marshmallow root (Althea officinalis), like Slippery Elm bark contains up to 35% mucilage. Marshmallow leaf and root contain mucilage polysaccharides that can soothe and protect mucous membranes from local irritation by forming a protective mucous layer.

Marsmallow root is used for:

· Soothing inflammatory conditions
· Constipation
· Diarrhea
· Gastrointestinal inflammation
· Peptic ulcers
· Urinary tract inflammation

Dosage/Safety: Marsmallow root has been used safely at doses of up to 5 grams per day.

References:

Blumenthal M, editor. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.

Wren, R.W. Potter's New Cyclopedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, 7th ed. Health Science Press, Rustington, England 1970.

McGuffin M, et al, ed. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997.

Daniel B. Mowrey, Ph.D., Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine, Keats Publishing, 1986. Page 33.

3. Ingredient Name: Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale)

Used For / Claims: Ginger Root is known for its soothing and mildly stimulating effect on the stomach. Ginger is used primarily for nausea and vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms. The active constituents in ginger are gingerols and gingerdione, which have a variety of pharmacological properties including analgesic, antipyretic, antitussive, sedative, antibiotic, and antifungal properties Ginger root has been the subject of much laboratory research. A German study indicated it increases the amylase concentration and flow of saliva, activates peristalsis, and increases intestinal tone. Another German study showed its benefit on indigestion and heartburn. American researches revealed its effectiveness in motion sickness in a double blind study, finding it more effective than Dramamine (dimenhydrinate).

Ginger root is use for:

· Nausea and vomiting
· Motion sickness
· Morning sickness
· Indigestion
· Stomach ache
· Diarrhea
· Colic
· Stomach and intestinal gas
· Flatulence
· Gastrointestinal spasms
· Ulcerative conditions
· Improving appetite

Dosage/Safety: Orally, ginger is safe and well tolerated when used in doses les than 5 grams per day.

References:

Langner E, Greifenberg S, Gruenwald J. Ginger: history and use. Adv Ther 1998;15:25-44.

Glatzel, H. "Treatment of dyspetic disorders with spice extracts.' Hippokrates, 40(23), 916-919, 1969.

Thompson, E.H., Wolf, I.D. & Aleen, C.E. "Ginger rhizome: a new source of proteolytic enzyme." Journal of Food Science, 38(4) 652-655, 1973.

Micklefield GH, Redeker Y, Meister V, et al. Effects of ginger on gastroduodenal motility. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;37(7):341-6.

Mowrey, D.B. & Clayson, D.E., "Motion Sickness, ginger, and psychophysica." Lancet, 1(8273), 655-657, 1982.

Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-20.

Grontved A, Brask T, Kambskard J, Hentzer E. Ginger root against seasickness: a controlled trial on the open sea. Acta Otolaryngol 1998;105:45-9.

Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri R. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:577-82.

Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000145.

Ernst E, Pittler MH. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systemic review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Anaesth 2000;84:367-71.

Daniel B. Mowrey, Ph.D., Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine, Keats Publishing, 1986. Page 261.

Bone ME, et al. Ginger root—a new antemetic. The effect of ginger on postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. Anaesthesia 1990;45:669-71.

Arfeen Z, Owen H, Plummer JL, et al. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995;23(4):449-52.

4. Ingredient Name: Green Tea

Used For / Claims: Green Tea, like the traditionally imbibed English black tea is derived from the plant Camellia sinensis. The freshly cut leaf is lightly steamed in producing green tea, thus inhibiting enzymes which cause oxidation. The polyphenol content in Green tea is high (as much as 30% of the dried weight of leaves) due to the inhibition of oxidation during processing. Polyphenols, such as gallic acid and catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin are abundant in green tea, and have been shown to be responsible for its many benefits. Green tea appears to increase the activity of antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, important in liver detoxification. In addition to green tea’s numerous beneficial effects for gastrointestinal conditions, tudies indicate a preventive effect on cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, including stomach, small intestine, pancreas and colon.

Green tea is used for:

· Diarrhea
· Vomiting
· Stomach disorders
· Improve mental performance
· Reducing headache
· Reducing excessive cholesterol levels
· Preventing gastrointestinal cancers

Dosage/Safety: Orally, green tea is safe and well tolerated when used appropriately.

References:

The Healing Power of Herbs, Michael T. Murray, N.D., Prima Publishing, Rev. 2nd Ed. 1995, Pages 192-195.

Total Wellness, Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., Prima Publishing, 1996, Pages 274-275.

Leung LK, Su Y, Chen R, et al. Theaflavins in black tea and catechins in green tea are equally effective antioxidants. J Nutr 2001;131:2248-51.

Mitscher LA, et al. Chemoprotection: a review of the potential therapeutic antioxidant properties of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and certain of its constituents. Med Res Rev 1997;17(4):327-65.

Graham HN. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev Med 1992;21:334-50.

Weisburger JH. Tea and health: the underlying mechanisms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;220:271-5.

Imai K. Nakachi K. Cross-sectional study of effects of drinking green tea on cardiovascular and liver diseases. BMJ 1995;310:693-6.

Asmawi MZ, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E, Vapaatalo H. Anti-inflammatory activities of Emblica officinalis Gaertn leaf extracts. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993;45:581-4.

Lou FQ, Zhang MF, Zhang XG, et al. A study on tea-pigment in prevention of atherosclerosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989;102:579-83.

Katiyar, S.K., Agarwal R., and Mukhtar, H: Green tea in chemoprevention of cancer. Compr ther 18, 3-8, 1992.

Tsubono Y, et al. Green tea and the risk of gastric cancer in Japan. N Engl J Med 2001;344:632-6.

Yang CS, et al. Human salivary tea catechin levels and catechin esterase activities: implications in human cancer prevention studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;8:83-9.

Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D, et al. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:1040-5.

Mukhtar, H., et al.: Tea components: Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects. Prev Med 21, 351-360, 1992.

Li N, Sun Z, Han C, Chen J. The chemopreventive effects of tea on human oral precancerous mucosa lesions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;220(4):218-24.

Hsu SD, et al. Chemoprevention of oral cancer by green tea. Gen Dent 2002;50:140-6.
Komori, A, et al.: Anticarcinogenic activity of green tea polyphenols. Jpn J. Clin. Oncol 23(3), 186-190, 1993.

Kinjo J, et al. Activity-guided fractionation of green tea extract with antiproliferative activity against human

stomach cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25:1238-40.

Yang, C.S. and Wang, Z.Y.: Tea and cancer, J. Natl Cancer Inst 85 (13), 1038-1049, 1993.

Berger SJ, et al. Green tea constituent (--)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits topoisomerase I activity in human colon carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;288:101-5.

5. Ingredient Name: Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL)

Used For / Claims: Licorice has antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, laxative, and soothing properties. Due to the adverse reaction profile of licorice, many studies have been performed using the deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) extract, which is free of glycyrrhizin and has had no significant reported adverse effects. Many antacid or ulcer medications cause the body to inhibit (limit) the formation of acid in the stomach. This practice can lead to an acid/alkaline 'roller-coaster', leading to chronic antacid use and potentially causing greater digestive problems and body chemistry imbalances. Rather than prevent the release of acid, DGL stimulates the formation and production of protective mucous-secreting cells in the stomach, thereby preventing ulcer formation. DGL also improves the blood-circulation in the intestinal tract and increases the life-span of intestinal cells. DGL is similar to carbenoxolone, a semisynthetic derivative of glycyrrhetic acid, for ulcer reduction without the fluid retention or electrolyte imbalance of carbenoxolone. Carbenoxolone is used outside the US for treating duodenal and gastric ulcers. Gastric ulcers are commonly caused by the overuse of aspirin, alcoholic beverages, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's).

DGL is used for:

· Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract
· Gastric (stomach) ulcers
· Duodenal (small intestine) ulcers

Dosage/Safety: Orally, up to 4 grams of the powdered root, three times daily, has been used without side effects.

References:

A. Rees, W.D.W., Rhodes, J., Wright, J.E., et al., "Effect of deglycyrrhizinate liquorice on gastric mucosal damage by aspirin', Scand. J. Gastroent., 1979, 14, pp.605-7.

Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9.

B. Turpie, A.G., Runcie, J. and Thompson, T.J., 'Clinical trial of deglycyrrhinated liquorice in gastric ulcer',Gut, 1969, 10, pp.299-303.

Turpie AG, Runcie J, Thomson TJ. Clinical trial of deglydyrrhizinized liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut 1969;10:299-302.

C. Tewari, S.N. and Wilson, A.K., "Deglycyrrhinated liquorice in duodenal ulcer', Practitioner, 1972, 210, pp.820-5.

Tewari SN, Wilson AK. Deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in duodenal ulcer. Practitioner 1973;210:820-3.

D. Kassir, Z.A., 'Endoscopic controlled trial of four drug regimens in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration', Irish Med. J., 1985, 78, pp. 153-6.

Stormer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in licorice - evaluation of health hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:303-12.

Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, Michael T. Murray, N.D., and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., Prima Publishing, 1991, Pages 522-3.

6. Ingredient Name: Quercitin Flavonoids

Used For / Claims: Quercitin Flavonoids, a group of plant pigments, are now identified as responsible for much of the therapeutic action derived from medicinal plants, foods, herbs, juices, etc. In experimental studies, quercitin is found to be the most active flavonoid. Quercetin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy properties. Quercitin inhibits several of the initial processes of inflammation, thus it has an anti-inflammatory effect. Quercitin has demonstrated its ability to inhibit the release of inflammatory chemicals from mast cells sensitized by food allergies and to inhibit irritability of the muscles of the intestines. This effect makes it beneficial in relation to food allergies. It exerts antioxidant and vitamin C-sparing activity. It also enhances insulin secretion, protects pancreatic beta-cells from free radical damage and inhibits platelet aggregation.

Quercetin is used for:

· Excessive cholesterol levels
· Peptic ulcers
· Food allergies
· Diabetes
· Gout
· Asthma

Dosage/Safety: Quercetin is commonly recommended at doses up to 500 mg, three times per day, without adverse side effects.

References:

Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, Prima Publishing, Michael T. Murray, N.D., 1996, pages 324-325.

Total Wellness, Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., Prima Publishing, 1996, Pages 274-275.
Nutritional Influences on Illness, Melvyn R. Werbach, M.D., Third Line Press, 2nd edition, 1993, page 44.

Middleton, E., The flavonoids. Trends Pharmaceut Sci 5, 335-338, 1984.

Erlund I, et al. Pharmacokinetics of quercetin aglycone and rutin in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;56:545-53.

Ferrandiz, M.L. and Alcaraz, M.J., Anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by flavonoids. Agents Action 32, 238-287, 1991.

Beatty ER, et al. Effect of dietary quercetin on oxidative DNA damage in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr 2000;84:919-25.

Satvric, B., Quercetin in our diet: from potent mutagen to probable anticarcinogen. Clin Biochem 27, 245-248, 1994.

Lean ME, Noroozi M, Kelly I. Dietary flavonols protect diabetic human lymphocytes against oxidative damage to DNA. Diabetes 1999 Jan;48(1):176-81.

Janssen K, et al. Effects of the flavonoids quercetin and apigenin on hemostasis in healthy volunteers: results from an in vitro and dietary supplement study. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:255-62.

Ci Carlo, G., Mascolo, N., et al.: Effects of quercetin on the gastrointestinal tract in rats and mice. Phytotherapy res 8:42-45, 1994.

Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, et al. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-1011.

Graefe EU, et al. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the flavonol quercetin in humans. Int J Clin Pharmacol Therapy 1999;37:219-33.

Ogasawara, H. Milldeton, E., Jr. Effect of selected flavonoids on histamine release (HR) and hydrogen peroxide (H2(2) generation by human leukocytes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol 75:184, 1985).

El Attar TM, Virji AS. Modulating effect of resveratrol and quercetin on oral cancer cell growth and proliferation. Anticancer Drugs 1999;10:187-93.

Yoshimoto, T. et al. Flavonoids: Potent inhibitors of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 116:612-18, 1983.

7. Ingredient Name: Ajowan Oil

Used For / Claims: Ajowan oil is an antiseptic and aromatic carminative, used to relieve gas from the alimentary canal so as to relieve colic or griping pains.

Ajowan is used for:

· Indigestion
· Colic
· Asthma
· Improving HDL cholesterol levels

Dosage/Safety: There is no common dosage for Ajowan oil. Large amounts of ajowan taken orally, can cause headache, nausea, and vomiting.

References:

Blumenthal M, editor. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.

The Yoga of Herbs, Dr. David Frawley and Dr. Vasant Lad, Lotus Press, 1986, page 155.

Shlosberg A, Egyed MN. Examples of poisonous plants in Israel of importance to animals and man. Arch Toxicol Suppl 1983;6:194-6.

De M, Krishna De A, Banerjee AB., Antimicrobial screening of some Indian spices. Phytother Res. 1999 Nov;13(7):616-8.

8. Ingredient Name: Gamma Oryzanol

Used For / Claims: Gamma Oryzanol is produced by extraction from rice bran oil. It helps lower cholesterol levels by decreasing cholesterol absorption intestinal tract.

Gamma Oryzanol is used for:

· Decreasing total cholesterol levels
· Decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels
· Decreasing triglyceride levels
· Stimulating human growth hormone production

Dosage/Safety: In clinical studies, up to 300 mg per day of Gamma Oryzanol was recommended without adverse effects.

References:

Sugano M, Tsuji E. Rice bran oil and human health. Biomed Environ Sci 1996;9:242-6.
Yagi K. and Ohishi, N., Action of ferulic acid and it's derivatives as antioxidant. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 25, 127-130, 1979.

Seetharamaiah GS, Chandrasekhara N. Effect of oryzanol on cholesterol absorption and biliary and fecal bile acids in rats. Indian J Med Res 1990;92:471-5.

Arai, T., Effect of gamma-oryzanol on indefinite complaints in the gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic gastritis: Studies on the endocrinological environment. Horumon To Rinsho 30, 271-279, 1982.

Sasaki J, et al. Effects of gamma-oryzanol on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in dyslipidemic schizophrenics receiving major tranquilizers. Clin Ther 1990;12:263-8.

Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, Michael T. Murray, N.D., Prima Publishing, 1996. Pages 33-334.

Wheeler KB, Garleb KA. Gamma oryzanol-plant sterol supplementation: metabolic, endocrine, and physiologic effects. Int J Sport Nutr 1991;1:170-7.

Ackerson, Amber, N.D. & Resnick, Corey, N.D.: ""The effects of L-Glutamine, N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine, Gamma-Linolenic Acid and Gamma Oryzanol on Intestinal Permeability, Townsend Letter for Doctors, Jannuary 1993.

9. Ingredient Name: L. acidophilus (probiotic)

Used For / Claims: One of the major probiotics, L. acidophilus enhances growth of healthy flora in the intestines. Lactobacillus acidophilus is antiviral, antifungal (candida), and antibacterial (against salmonella, E. coli, streptococci). In vivo and in vitro studies both demonstrate L. acidophilus' ability to compete with pathogenic species and displace them from the gut.

When healthy colonies of L. acidophilus were implanted, symptomatic relief was seen in:

· Colitis
· Irritable colon
· Ulcerative colitis
· Gastrointestinal disorders which cause constipation
· Infantile diarrhea

Dosage/Safety: Average L. acidophilus doses usually range between 1 to 10 billion viable organisms, three times per day. Orally, L. acidophilus is usually well tolerated, but may cause mild flatulence in some individuals.

References:

Rettger, L.F., et al., Lactobacillus Acidophilus. Its Therapeutic Application. New Haven, Yale U. Press, 1935.

Tomic-Karovic, K., et al. Der Lactobacillus Acidophilus in der Therapie bei Sauglingsdiarrhoen. Neue Oest Z. Kinderheilk 6:1-7, 1961.

Fernandes, C.F., et al. Control of diarrhea by Lactobacilli. J. Appl Nutr 40(1): 32-41, 1988.

Shahani, K.M., Vakil, J.R. and Kilara, A.: Natural antibiotic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and bulgaricus. Cult. Dairy Prod J., 1977, 12, pp. 8-11.

Shahani, K.M. and Friend, B.A., Nutritional and therapeutic aspects of lactobacilli, J. Appl. Nutr., 1984, 36, pp. 125-52.

Collins, E.B. and Hardt, P., Inhibition of Candida albicans by Lactobacillus acidophilus, J. Diary Sci., 1980, 63, pp. 830-2.

Nutritional Influences on Illness, Melvyn R. Werbach, M.D., Third Line Press, 2nd edition, 1993, page 45, 180, 221.

Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, Michael T. Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D, Prima Publishing, 1991, pages 186 and 290.

Digestive Enzymes:

10. Amylase.

Amylase is a digestive enzyme found in saliva, pancreatic juice and parts of plants. Amylase digests various starches into more simple sugars. Alpha amylase breaks the alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds of starch to yield oligosaccharides.

11. Glucoamylase.

Glucoamylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down dextrins and starches into glucose.

12. Lipase.

ipase is a digestive enzyme secreted into the digestive tract from the pancrease, or taken form plant sources, that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream as nutrients.

13. Cellulase.

An enzyme that breaks down cellulose to cellobiose, a sugar composed of two glucose units. The human body does not make cellulase, it must come from plant sources.

14. Invertase.

Invertase is a digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose.

15. Lactase.

Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and other dairy products. Lactase is the enzyme required to digest milk sugar (lactose), by dividing the disaccharide lactose into its component monosaccharides; galactose and glucose.

Note to providers regarding the absence of protease enzymes in this formula: A majority of people whose lab results and/or health history prioritizes the recommendation of the UMN Digestive Support formula have experienced or are experiencing one or more of the following: heartburn, nausea, burping, upset stomach, acid indigestion, diarrhea, gastritis, and/or ulcerative conditions. If the gastrointestinal mucosal lining is interrupted because of any of these conditions, supplemental protease will begin digesting the proteins available in the gut lining, which will further irritate these digestive conditions. The UMN “Digestive Support” formula improves overall digestion (but does not contain protease), calms and soothes the gastrointestinal tract, and is suitable for even the most sensitive digestive systems.